What of the oldest city in France?
That honor goes to Marseille, a city that pulses with history, culture, and that lively Mediterranean atmosphere.
From its ancient roots right up to the modern day, Marseille has plenty for the curious traveler to discover.
A helpful tip: bringing your iRoamly France travel eSIM is a great way to easily navigate this ancient city and share your experiences online.
What is the Oldest City in France?
The oldest city in France is Marseille, founded in 600 BC by sailors from the erstwhile Greek city of Phocaea. Growing to become the second largest city in France, and proving a pivotal culture center and port, the Marseille we see today has more than 2,600 years of history driving it.
Established by the ancient Greeks, who named the city Massilia, it was once a cosmopolitan trading hub that absorbed culture from across the Mediterranean. Eventually absorbed into Roman Gaul, before developing into a key city in the Kingdom of France, that history is ever present in the modern metropolis. As one of the most worthwhile cities to visit in France, Marseille's rich history and vibrant culture make it a must-see destination.
Marseille today floods outwards over approximately 240 square kilometers, home to a population of some 870,000. The city's name hails from its Greek origins, and translates roughly as port city, with its heritage as a maritime harbor still living in its modern ethos.
Best Time to Visit Marseille
The best times to visit Marseille are during spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October). Unlike the cooler temperatures in Paris, these seasons offer moderate weather, fewer crowds, and plenty of sunshine in Marseille.
In spring, temperatures of 13-20°C (55-68°F) make for perfect days, to wander the Old Port and historic neighborhoods. Autumn cools slightly, but the added reds and golds of fall foliage are a visual treat.
What to pack?
Opt for layers around the temperate spring and fall seasons, bringing a light jacket for the twilight hours.
Durable walking shoes are a necessity.
Marseille's stone streets and inclines can be unforgiving, so sturdy and well-cushioned footwear will be your best friend while exploring.
Top 10 Most Worthwhile Places in Marseille
1. Vieux-Port (Old Port)
Historical, cultural, and still a working harbor, the 2,600-year-old "Old Port" is the center of Marseille. Watch fishing boats unload, choose a waterfront café to eat at, or take a boat tour.
How to get there: Centrally located, it's a short walk or bus ride.
Come at sunset to see the harbor beautifully lit up.
2. Basilique Notre-Dame de la Garde
Nestling on a hill above the city, this lofty basilica offers sweeping views over Marseille and the coast. Built in the 19th century, it’s a key symbol of the city’s seafaring history.
How to get there: Catch bus number 60 or enjoy a hike up for a fantastic vantage point.
Tip: A camera is a must for some wonderful views.
3. Palais des Congrès
One for the architecture buffs, this conference center is also a popular venue for a range of cultural events.
How to get there: Perched in the city center, it's easy to get to via metro or tram.
Check what's on before your visit.
4. Château d'If
If you know your Dumas, you’ll remember this historic island fort as a setting for The Count of Monte Cristo. The boat trip is worth it just for the location, though.
How to get there: Boat tours depart from the Old Port.
Tip: The boat ride along the coast is as impressive as the island itself.
5. Le Panier District
The oldest neighborhood in Marseille is an area of winding lanes, art galleries, and candy-coloured houses. Perfect for exploring on foot.
How to get there: From the Old Port, it’s just a stroll away.
Look out for local artisan craft shops for souvenirs.
6. Calanques National Park
Just a stone’s throw out of town, this national park is a wonderland of limestone cliffs, azure waters, and secret beaches. Popular for hiking, swimming, and boat trips.
How to get there: Drive or sail there, or hike in on one of the trails.
Tip: Bring plenty of water and sun protection if you're hiking.
7. MuCEM (Museum of European and Mediterranean Civilisations)
Throwing off Marseille’s rough-and-ready image, this ultra-modern museum is all about the cultures, history, and peoples of the Med. The architecture alone is worth a visit.
How to get there: A hop towards the Old Port; wander or take a local transport.
Climb up for some rooftop pictures.
8. Cours Julien
This arty corner of the city is famed for street art, cool cafés, and a lively nightlife – it’s the beating indie heart of the city.
How to get there: A hop from the city center on foot.
Tip: It really kicks off towards sunset.
9. Fort Saint-Nicolas
Once part of the city’s defenses, this 17th-century fort is a great place to soak up the scenery and the city’s seafaring past.
How to get there: A bus ride or a leisurely walk from the Old Port reach the fort easily.
Compared to other spots, it’s relatively quiet and peaceful.
10. La Corniche
A grandiose coastal road that parades around the southern coast of Marseille, offering glitzy views of the Mediterranean along its length.
How to get there: Just follow the coast; on foot, car, or bike.
Spend some time at the best viewpoints and take it easy.
Top 5 Must-Try Foods in Marseille
You cannot visit Marseille without eating your way around the city's legendary gastronomy. Here are five dishes that perfectly encapsulate the Mediterranean flavors of the city:
Bouillabaisse
Marseille’s not-to-be-missed, signature fish stew is a heady mix of local fish, shellfish, and herbs, accompanied by a side of rouille sauce and enough crusty bread to mop out the bowls.
Pieds et Paquets
This rich dish features feet of lamb and tiny parcels of stuffed tripe known as 'paquets', simmered in a broth of wine and herbs. Marseille's preference for offal harks back to its rustic Mediterranean heritage.
Panisse
These chickpea flour cakes are fried to crispy perfection, creating a delicious savory snack that's used as finger food or a starter in best food locations.
Navettes
The famous biscuits shaped like little boats have been baking in Marseille for centuries, flavored with orange flower blossom. Perfect with coffee or tea.
Tarte Tropézienne
Another one pinched from Saint-Tropez but so delicious it had to be adopted, the Tropézienne is a sweet treat consisting of brioche filled with buttercream.
FAQs
What is the oldest medieval city in France?
Saint-Paul de Vence is one of the oldest medieval cities in France, with its history dating back to the 12th century.
What is the oldest city in China?
Xi'an is the oldest city in China, going back more than 3,100 years.
What is the third oldest city in the world?
Damascus, in Syria, is one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world, dating back approximately 11,000 years.
What are the three oldest countries in Europe?
San Marino (301 AD)
France (843 AD)
Denmark (965 AD)
Summary
Marseille, France’s (officially) oldest city, is a colorful, historical, and beautiful city on the Mediterranean coast.
It’s a fascinating mix of old and even older, from the ancient port to the modern museums and historic hillocks, making it the perfect location for the best place to travel.
Whether you’re a culture vulture, outdoor explorer, or a gourmet, there’s something for everyone in Marseille.
Find travel deals and plan your next visit to this town – Europe’s (basically) oldest city!